![]() ![]() ![]() Despite limitations in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for skin wound healing, a previous study reported that mouse ESCs (mESCs) reconstitute into fully differentiated skin (Coraux et al., 2003) and the topical application of ESCs enhance skin wound healing in diabetic rats (Lee et al., 2011) as well as the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recovered through the paracrine manner of biological active molecules (Chen et al., 2008). Additionally, stem cells secrete various growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and bioactive lipids into the micro-environment in an autocrine/paracrine manner (Guo and Dipietro, 2010 Ratajczak et al., 2012). Although the mechanism underlying stem cell-induced skin wound healing is not fully understood, stem cells play key roles in wound neo-vascularization, wound contraction, keratinization and recovery (Liu et al., 2008). Besides self-renewal, stem cells promote wound healing and reduce inflammation (Wu et al., 2007). Skin wound healing is a well-organized process of cell migration and proliferation that involves extracellular matrix deposition, angiogenesis, and tissue remodelling. ![]()
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